what is a process when we refer to microcontroller?
"Existent-time" essentially ways "happening now or immediately responsive." In technology, existent-time refers to systems that non only need to calculate the correct response, but they must respond instantly, ofttimes in continuous interaction (dynamically) with the system's environment.
Existent-time is an expression used in 2 master areas with respect to software and electronics. Real-fourth dimension can refer to a clock in a excursion, equally in a Real Time Clock (RTC). An RTC is a circuit that tracks fourth dimension and date, and is used for setting alarms in relation to time and calendar. An RTC has to remain energized in guild to maintain the electric current time and date; otherwise, the time and date must be reset. An RTC cannot recover the time once it'south lost track of it; not without some grade of ability to run information technology. Thus, many RTCs are designed with a trickle of ability or a battery, even if everything else has "gone to sleep" to preserve ability. An RTC should not be dislocated with the "clock" or "timer" in a circuit with an MCU. A clock or timer performs a very different part of timing (or clocking) computational cycles for a processor or controller.
The term "real-time" is also used with computers and controllers. Here, real-fourth dimension refers to the immediacy of response that the "brain" of the device handles. A processor, controller, or operating system is existent-time if it is able to respond immediately to situations without waiting for an hr drinking glass icon to stop turning. Personal computers (PCs) are not meant to run real-time processes in this sense and exercise not have real-time operating systems; i.e., Windows and iOS operating systems are not meant for the often critical adequacy required of real-time systems. They do, notwithstanding, have an RTC so that they can go along calendars and reminders.
Real-time control is critical in many applications due to safety bug. Examples of applications that accept real-fourth dimension constraints are the automotive industry (e.g., bulldoze-by-wire and ABS), air traffic control, process controls, and medical devices (e.g., a pacemaker).
Real-time control or computing requires the processor to prioritize interrupts as they come in and act immediately on those of college priority, and in "hard" cases without commencement finishing the task that is currently occupying the processor. "Difficult" real-fourth dimension cannot be dependent on annihilation that is not 100% reliable in turn, considering an outcome that requires a existent-time response cannot wait for an internet connection, for case. Hard existent-time refers to the fact that there are fatal consequences if the organisation fails to reply in time. In contrast, "soft real-time" is more than tolerant of a missed deadline, but the consequences are yet not favorable. The lateness of the response affects the value of the deliverable. With hard real-time systems, a tardily commitment is the aforementioned equally no delivery at all.
In another example, a soft real-fourth dimension system may wait for failure before taking cosmetic action, similar a skipped spot on a DVD. A difficult real-time system, however, may need to calculate that a good consequence is possible with a given job before performing information technology. Otherwise, it might perform a different job based on calculations that the deadline cannot be met with the initial, default task. Existent-time systems need predictable, dependable resources, peculiarly if at that place are dynamic inputs and processes that are required for successful execution.
Near, virtual, or firm existent-time are subjective terms that can mean many different things, depending on who is defining it. "Near real-time" is similar to proverb "good enough to work in this application, with respect to the need for existent-fourth dimension responsiveness." Any device, process or organization that involves safety disquisitional operations might be existent-time or accept real-time components. Therefore, the phrase "difficult existent-time" is often used to clarify the seriousness of existent-fourth dimension requirements.
"Firm" real-time is a less-often used term, but like near real-time, it indicates that it is not soft existent-time, only non difficult real-time, either. A about/business firm real-fourth dimension system might infrequently miss a deadline and cause failure that is not catastrophic, but can exist catastrophic if multiple deadlines are missed. An example of a firm real-fourth dimension organization is an automotive robot that occasionally misses a rivet weld. QA personnel downstream tin still catch this failure and spot weld it, but missing many welds or missing them randomly and frequently can ruin the synchronization of the entire product line or cause total failure if the fault is missed. Getting to difficult existent-fourth dimension involves more than fourth dimension and effort with exercises such every bit a Failure Mode Effect Analysis (FMEA) for hard existent-time systems.
The study of real-time systems is wide-spread as information technology applies to aerospace, war machine, medical, computing, financial and many other industries. Error tolerant computing is another area where real-time is an of import topic; a single failure can lead to a catastrophic system failure. Quality of Service (QoS) is another area within networking where the concept of existent-time is relevant, because poor QoS can lead to customer desertion, among other things.
Source: https://www.microcontrollertips.com/faq-real-time-mean/
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